What is the key difference between active immunity and passive immunity ppt?
What is immunity?
The human body has the ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage tissues and organs. This capacity is referred to as immunity.
There are two types of immunity. A human body possesses a build-in immunity provided by (1) phagocytes, (2) acid and enzyme secretions of the digestive system (3) resistance of the skin to invading organisms, (4)presence of certain chemicals fa the blood such as lysosome, basic polypeptides, killer lymphocytes, etc.
The innate immune system however cannot provide resistance against all kinds of invading pathogens and also cannot neutralize toxins of all kinds. In addition to innate immunity, the human body develops a very powerful immunity system. This type of immunity is provided by an antibody that is produced in the body in response to any antigen (any kind of foreign body like microorganisms, toxins, pollen grains, organic molecules that may enter into our body). The antibody destroys the antigen through several complex mechanisms. The immunity provided by antibodies is called acquired immunity because the body acquires immunity against the certain antigens to which it is exposed.
Acquired or Active immunity and Passive immunity. As discussed, the antibodies formed in response to antigens provided immunity against pathogens. This immunity is actively acquired by the organisms in course of natural attack by pathogens is also called active natural immunity.
Passive immunity can be achieved without the injection of antigens. This is done by infusing serum containing antibodies, activated T-cells, or both from someone who had been actively immunized against the antigen. This provides immunity for a short period.
Difference between Active Immunity and Passive Immunity
| Active Immunity | Passive Immunity |
| It is acquired by a person during the course of a disease. | It is the immunity provided by antibodies produced in another organism and injecting it into a person. |
| It is a slow process. | It gives a quick result. |
| It does not affect the individual. | It may affect the individual. |
| It is preserved in the body. | It is lost after some time. |